Category: Bài báo ngoài nước

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes mellitus, accounting for 90% of diabetes mellitus in patients. At the present time, althoughT2D can be treated by various drugs and therapies using insulin replacement, reports have shown that complications including microvascular, macrovascular complications and therapy resistance can occur in patients on long term treatment. Stem cell therapy is regarded as a promising therapy for diabetes mellitus, including T2D. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and therapeutic effect of expanded autologous adipose derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation for T2D treatment; the pilot study included 3 patients who were followed for 3 months.

Methods: The ADSCs were isolated from stromal vascular fractions, harvested from the belly of the patient,and expanded for 21 days per previously published studies. Before transplantation, ADSCs were evaluated for endotoxin, mycoplasma contamination, and karyotype.All patients were transfused with ADSCs at 1-2×10⁶ cells/kg of body weight.Patients were evaluated for criteria related to transplantation safety and therapeutic effects; these included fever, blood glucose level before transplantation of ADSCs, and blood glucose level after transplantation (at 1, 2 and 3 months).

Results: The results showed that all samples of ADSCs exhibited the MSC phenotype with stable karyotype (2n=46), there was no contamination of mycoplasma, and endotoxin levels were low (<0.25 EU/mL). No adverse effects were detected after 3 months of transplantation. Decreases of blood glucose levels were recorded in all patients.

Conclusion: The findings from this initial study show that expanded autologous ADSCs may be a promising treatment for T2D.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus disease (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islets are attacked by the host’s immune system. Although this disease can be treated using some of the current methods, resistance to therapy can develop over time after a long usage of the treatments. Therefore, new strategies to treat T1D have been suggested. This study aims to treat T1D using a new approach to target this autoimmune disease; the approach involves the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to induce immune modulation.

Methods: Umbilical cord derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) were evaluated in this study. The cells were confirmed to be MSCs by surface profile markers and by in vitro differentiation potential into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondroblasts. The MSCs were evaluated in a Type 1 diabetic mouse model (induced by streptozotocin (STZ)); MSCs were xenografted at a dose of 2.10⁶ cells per mouse in 100 uL of saline. T1D mice injected with saline were used as placebo. Mice were monitored for body weight, blood glucose, blood insulin, glucose tolerance test and pancreas histological analysis.

Results: Results showed that UC-MSC xenotransplantation could improve diabetes in mice. Mouse body weight significantly increased after 6 weeks of treatment. Blood glucose levels markedly decreased while blood insulin levels strongly increased towards normal range. Recovery of the insulin positive Langerhans cells was confirmed by histological analysis.

Conclusion: Overall, our findings suggest that UC-MSC transplantation is a promising therapy for T1D treatment.

It is known that myocardial infarction (MI) causes damages to the heart tissue and that present medical therapies, such as medication, stenting and coronary artery bypass surgery, cannot recover the injured heart. Fortunately, advances in stem cell research have brought hope of full heart recovery for myocardial ischemia patients. There have been many studies using cell therapies for myocardial ischemia, from preclinical trials to clinical trials. However, the biggest concern is the effect of transplanted cells in myocardial recovery. This review will focus on analyzing both the positive and negative effects of transplanted cells in myocardial recovery to better understand the underlying biological mechanisms and ways to evaluate safety and efficacy of cell transplantation in myocardial ischemia treatment.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease affecting the airway of the respiratory system. COPD cases have rapidly increased in recent years, with the disease becoming the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Stem cell transplantation is a new approach to treat COPD. In this study we report in two cases the use of transplanted stem cells to treat COPD.

Methods: Umbilical cord derived stem cells (Modulatist^TM) were used in the study. Modulatist^TM was prepared according to previous published studies. Two patients with late stage COPD (stage IV) were transfused with Modulatist at a dose of 10⁶ cells/kg. Patients were evaluated by the COPD assessment test (CAT) score as well as the Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) score, before and after transplantation (1, 3 and 5 months post transplantation).

Results: Results showed that Modulatist^TM transplantation significantly improved sever COPD, especially after 3 months. At that time point, the two patients receiving Modulatist^TM showed a significantly improvement, from late-stage of COPD (stage IV) to stage I.

Conclusion: Although these initial results suggest that Modulatist^TMtransplantation is a promising therapy, more clinical studies in COPD patients are warranted to evaluate efficacy.

Abstract

Stem cells represent a new treatment option in medicine and pharmacy. Stem cells have been increasingly used for the treatment of many diseases. In fact, they have spurred a new age of medicine called regenerative medicine. In recent years, regenerative medicine has become a new revolution in disease treatment, especially with the use of stem cell drugs. Stem cell drugs refer to live stem cell based products that used as drugs for particular diseases. Unlike autologous stem cell transplantation, stem cell drugs are “off-the-shelf” products that are ready to be used without requirement of any further manipulation. This review aims to summarize some of the approved stem cell drugs, and discuss the revolution of regenerative medicine and personalized medicine. As well, the review will discuss how stem cell drugs have led to a new direction in stem cell therapy, providing a new platform for patient needs.

Background: CD47 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on all cells in the body and particularly overexpressed on cancer cells and cancer stem cells of both hematologic and solid malignancies. In the immune system, CD47 acts as a “don’t eat me” signal, inhibiting phagocytosis by macrophages by interaction with signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα). In cancer, CD47 promotes tumor invasion and metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the stemness of breast cancer cells when CD47 is overexpressed.

Methods: MCF-7 breast cancer cells were transfected with plasmid pcDNA3.4-CD47 containing the CD47 gene. The stemness of the transduced MCF7 cell population was evaluated by expression of CD44 and CD24 markers, anti-tumor drug resistance and mammosphere formation.

Results: Transfection of plasmid pcDNA3.4-CD47 significantly increased the expression of CD47 in MCF-7 cells. The overexpression of CD47 in transfected MCF-7 cells led to a significant increase in the CD44⁺CD24^– population, but did not increase doxorubicin resistance of the cells or their capacity to form mammospheres.

Conclusion: CD47 overexpression enhances the CD44⁺CD24^–phenotype of breast cancer cells as observed by an increase in the CD44⁺CD24^– expressing population. However, these changes are insufficient to increase the stemness of breast cancer cells.